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01 - INFLUÊNCIA DAS CONDIÇÕES FÍSICAS DO SOLO E SUBSTRATO NA EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE CULTIVARES DE GERGELIM

Doi: 10.47094/IIICOBRAP.2026/RS/1

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Germinação. Plântulas. Texturas de solo.

KEYWORDS: Germination. Seedlings. Soil textures.

ABSTRACT:
The initial development phase of sesame (*Sesamum indicum* L.) is particularly sensitive to growing medium conditions due to the small seed size and high dependence on water availability, aeration, and soil physical resistance during imbibition, radicle protrusion, and emergence. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the emergence and initial development of the BRS Seda and BRS Anahí cultivars under different substrate physical conditions and growing environments. The experiment was conducted over 22 days in a greenhouse and a BOD germination chamber, using 180 mL containers. The treatments were: (i) sandy + clayey soil mixture; (ii) clayey soil; (iii) sandy soil; and (iv) peat + vermiculite (3:1, v/v); with five replicates and ten seeds per container. In the BOD chamber, the temperature was maintained at 26°C with a 12-hour photoperiod, whereas an average temperature of 40°C was recorded in the greenhouse. Twenty days after emergence, plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter were evaluated. The substrate composed of peat and vermiculite provided the best initial performance for both cultivars, resulting in germination rates of 32% and 52% for BRS Seda, and 40% and 56% for BRS Anahí, in the BOD chamber and greenhouse, respectively. In the greenhouse, seedlings in this treatment also showed greater development, reaching average heights of 13.7 cm for BRS Seda and 13.0 cm for BRS Anahí. In the soil treatments, emergence was low or nil; only 14% emergence was observed in the sandy soil for BRS Anahí. The results demonstrate that the physical properties of the substrate modulate the seed microenvironment—influencing water availability, aeration, and resistance to emergence—thereby affecting initial seedling performance. The superior result obtained with the peat and vermiculite substrate reinforces that the combination of water retention and a favorable physical structure contributed to germination and emergence, highlighting the importance of edaphic conditions during the initial development phase of sesame.

Autores

  • Ana Gabriela Alves Batista

  • Catarina Araújo De Souza

  • Keveny Martins Claudino

  • Liziane Maria De Lima

  • Thuane Barbosa Medeiros Franco

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