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01 - COVID-19 E CONDIÇÃO PÓS-COVID: REPERCUSSÕES RESPIRATÓRIAS E QUIMIOSSENSORIAIS, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E ESTRATÉGIAS DE REABILITAÇÃO

Doi: 10.47094/978-65-284-0614-2/14-34

PALAVRAS CHAVE: COVID-19. Condição pós-COVID. Dispneia. Olfato. Fadiga. Qualidade de vida. Reabilitação.

KEYWORDS: COVID-19. Post-COVID condition. Dyspnea. Olfaction. Fatigue. Quality of life. Rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT:
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions extending beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as a subset of individuals continues to experience respiratory, neurological, sensory, and functional symptoms for months or years. The post-COVID condition is multisystemic and heterogeneous in nature; notable manifestations include dyspnea, cough, fatigue, exercise intolerance, altered pulmonary function, anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, taste disturbances, and reduced capacity to perform daily activities. Objective: To analyze scientific evidence regarding the respiratory, olfactory, gustatory, and functional repercussions of the post-COVID condition, its impact on quality of life, and key rehabilitation strategies. Method: A structured narrative literature review was conducted, prioritizing studies published between 2020 and August 2026, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and longitudinal studies. Results: Findings demonstrate progressive recovery of pulmonary function in a large proportion of survivors, although alterations in pulmonary diffusion capacity, respiratory symptoms, and tomographic abnormalities may persist for up to three years. Functional capacity may also be reduced even when resting test results appear relatively preserved. Chemosensory dysfunctions—including anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, phantosmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia—follow a variable course and impact nutrition, safety, emotional health, and quality of life. Recent evidence from pooled analyses suggests benefits from olfactory training, although individual trials show heterogeneous results. Pulmonary and functional rehabilitation can improve exercise capacity, dyspnea, and various aspects of quality of life; however, interventions must be individualized in cases where post-exertional malaise is present. Conclusion: Management of the post-COVID condition requires multidimensional assessment and longitudinal care, involving respiratory, functional, and chemosensory recovery, with rehabilitation strategies tailored to each individual's characteristics and tolerance.

Autores

  • Ana Claúdia Parente Silveira

  • Aurileide Pires de Lima

  • Clarissa Eufrásio Gomes Parente

  • Fernando Soares de Medeiros

  • Joana Batista Miranda

  • Juliana Soeiro Maia

  • Maria de Fátima Lima Pereira Mendes

  • Regina Maria Santiago de Melo

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