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07 - PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA EM MENORES DE 1 ANO DE IDADE NO BRASIL ENTRE 2014 E 2025

Doi: 10.47094/XCESMED.2026/7

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Brasil, congênita, epidemiológica, sífilis.

KEYWORDS: Brazil, congenital, epidemiological, syphilis.

ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION: Congenital syphilis is a vertically transmitted bacterial infection caused by *Treponema pallidum* that can occur at any stage of pregnancy or during childbirth. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is a condition that can be prevented through prenatal testing and—in the event of a reactive syphilis result—by administering appropriate treatment to both the pregnant woman and her partner. In recent years, despite a slight percentage decrease, the incidence of congenital syphilis in Brazil has stabilized at chronically high levels, highlighting weaknesses in primary care. OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on analyzing the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in infants under one year of age in Brazil between 2014 and 2025. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study using a time-series design. The study population comprises all cases of congenital syphilis reported in infants under one year of age from January 2014 to June 2025. The research was based on the analysis of mandatory notification data from the Unified Health System (SUS), the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), the Mortality Information System (SIM), the Live Births Information System (SINASC), and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). RESULTS: Between January 2014 and June 30, 2025, Brazil recorded a total of 369,468 cases of congenital syphilis in infants under one year of age. Of these, 161,304 were residents of the Southeast region, 109,583 of the Northeast, 44,530 of the South, 32,498 of the North, and 21,553 of the Center-West. Time-series analysis indicates that, following a period of increase, the incidence of the condition showed signs of stabilizing from 2021 onwards. In 2024, 24,443 cases were recorded, representing a 2.3% decline compared to the previous year. Despite this slight reduction in the annual incidence rate, absolute numbers remain high, suggesting that vertical transmission of syphilis continues to be a critical public health challenge. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological study highlights that, although the incidence of congenital syphilis in Brazil showed a trend toward stabilization starting in 2021 and a 2.3% reduction in 2024, absolute numbers remain alarming, totaling over 369,000 cases during the period. These findings indicate that the persistence of vertical transmission is intrinsically linked to structural failures in primary care—specifically late diagnosis and inadequate implementation of treatment protocols for both pregnant women and their sexual partners. Therefore, effectively reducing the impact on maternal and child health requires strengthening epidemiological surveillance and expanding access to early diagnosis.

Autores

  • Francícero Rocha Lopes

  • Júlia Machado Mendes

  • Júlia de Castro Santos

  • Marina Mendonça Martins

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