Aspectos Fisiopatológicos da Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: Uma Revisão da Literatura

doi:10.47094/978-65-88958-20-9/54-63

Aspectos Fisiopatológicos da Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: Uma Revisão da Literatura

A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é um distúrbio metabólico cuja prevalência e incidência têm aumentado em proporções epidêmicas. Essa enfermidade caracteriza-se por hiperglicemia, resistência à insulina e deficiência relativa da secreção desse hormônio. A metodologia do presente trabalho consistiu em realizar uma busca de dados em evidencias científicas, no US national Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando as palavras chaves “diabetes mellitus tipo 2”, “fisiopatologia” e “hiperglicemia”, com a finalidade de obter uma análise e uma revisão bem descrita sobre os aspectos fisiopatológicos da diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
A DM2, ocorre em face a defeitos na captação de glicose, os quais podem estar presentes em múltiplos níveis, destacando-se os receptores de insulina, os substratos dos receptores desse hormônio e a cinase do fosfatidilinositol 3. Diante desses defeitos, o GLUT-4, responsável por realizar o transporte da glicose para os tecidos insulino-dependentes, torna-se incapaz de exercer sua função, acarretando um quadro de hiperglicemia no paciente, que por sua vez, pode desencadear complicações graves, como retinopatias, AVC, infarto do miocárdio e úlcera nas pernas. Nesse contexto, a importância da detecção desse distúrbio metabólico por meio de uma análise da sintomatologia clinica e dos exames laboratoriais, a fim de iniciar o tratamento adequado.

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Aspectos Fisiopatológicos da Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: Uma Revisão da Literatura

Doi: 10.47094/978-65-88958-20-9/54-63

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, fisiopatologia e hiperglicemia

KEYWORDS: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, phatophysiology and Hyperglycemia.

ABSTRACT:
DM2 occurs in the face of glucose uptake defects, which may be present at multiple levels, especially insulin receptors, receptor substrates of this hormone and phosphatidylinositol cinase 3. In view of these defects, GLUT-4, responsible for transporting glucose to insulin-dependent tissues, becomes unable to perform its function, resulting in a hyperglycemia. This condition can trigger serious complications, such as retinopathies, stroke, myocardial infarction and leg ulcer. In this context, it is essential to detect this metabolic disorder through an analysis of clinical symptomatology and laboratory tests in order to start appropriate treatment.& #60; br /& #62;
" value=" Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence and incidence has increased in epidemic proportions. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and relative deficiency of this hormone secretion. The methodology of this study consisted of conducting a search for data in scientific evidence, in the US national Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) , using the key words " type 2 diabetes mellitus" , " pathophysiology" and " hyperglycemia" , in order to obtain an analysis and a well-described review on the pathophysiological aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus.& #60; br /& #62;
DM2 occurs in the face of glucose uptake defects, which may be present at multiple levels, especially insulin receptors, receptor substrates of this hormone and phosphatidylinositol cinase 3. In view of these defects, GLUT-4, responsible for transporting glucose to insulin-dependent tissues, becomes unable to perform its function, resulting in a hyperglycemia. This condition can trigger serious complications, such as retinopathies, stroke, myocardial infarction and leg ulcer. In this context, it is essential to detect this metabolic disorder through an analysis of clinical symptomatology and laboratory tests in order to start appropriate treatment.& #60; br /& #62;
" required& #62; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence and incidence has increased in epidemic proportions. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and relative deficiency of this hormone secretion. The methodology of this study consisted of conducting a search for data in scientific evidence, in the US national Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) , using the key words " type 2 diabetes mellitus" , " pathophysiology" and " hyperglycemia" , in order to obtain an analysis and a well-described review on the pathophysiological aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
DM2 occurs in the face of glucose uptake defects, which may be present at multiple levels, especially insulin receptors, receptor substrates of this hormone and phosphatidylinositol cinase 3. In view of these defects, GLUT-4, responsible for transporting glucose to insulin-dependent tissues, becomes unable to perform its function, resulting in a hyperglycemia. This condition can trigger serious complications, such as retinopathies, stroke, myocardial infarction and leg ulcer. In this context, it is essential to detect this metabolic disorder through an analysis of clinical symptomatology and laboratory tests in order to start appropriate treatment.

Autores

Ana Carolina Santos Magalhães

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