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01 - INTRODUÇÃO À INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E À VISÃO COMPUTACIONAL: CONCEITOS, ARQUITETURAS E APLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS

Doi: 10.47094/978-65-284-0683-8/12-27

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Inteligência artificial - Aplicações médicas. Redes neurais (Ciência da computação) - Aplicações médicas. Sistemas de detecção de objetos (YOLO).

KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence - Medical applications. Neural networks (Computer science) - Medical applications. Object detection systems (YOLO).

ABSTRACT:
1. INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as one of the most transformative technological pillars of contemporary society, redefining the boundaries of automation and data analysis across various fields of human knowledge. Formally conceptualized in the mid-20th century, AI can be understood, in didactic terms, as the branch of computer science dedicated to the design and development of computational systems capable of simulating, emulating, or extending cognitive abilities historically associated with human intelligence—such as continuous learning, logical inference, decision-making under uncertainty, and sensory perception (TURING, 1950; RUSSELL; NORVIG, 2010). During its initial decades of development, the dominant AI paradigm relied on symbolic approaches and expert systems based on manually programmed rules. In these traditional systems, human experts translated knowledge from a specific domain into a rigid set of "if-then" conditional instructions. However, as real-world problems became increasingly complex and dynamic—characterized by high levels of noise, dimensional variation, and imprecision—the limitations of the symbolic paradigm became apparent. The transition toward Machine Learning represented a fundamental shift in approach: rather than explicitly constructing every inference rule, algorithms began to automatically extract statistical patterns and generalizations from large volumes of training data.

Autores

  • Adriano Carvalho Costa

  • Adriano Soares de Oliveira Bailão

  • Andrea Barboza Proto Sardi

  • Gabriela Almeida Marques

  • Gidelia Araújo Ferreira de Melo

  • Gustavo Henrique Joazeiro de Almeida

  • Juliana Fortunato

  • Leandro Manuel Pereira Sanches

  • Lorena Santana Arantes

  • Matheus Barp Pierozan

  • Ronaldo Camilo dos Santos

  • Sergio Souza Novak

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