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22 - EVOLUÇÃO DOS FLUIDOS REFRIGERANTES: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE AVANÇOS, REGULAMENTAÇÕES E TENDÊNCIAS

Doi: 10.47094/ICOLUBRAPECI.2026/RS-57

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Fluidos refrigerantes. Sustentabilidade ambiental. Sistemas HRVAC.

KEYWORDS: Refrigerants. Environmental sustainability. HRVAC systems.

ABSTRACT:
Introduction: The evolution of refrigerants used in heating, refrigeration, ventilation, and air conditioning (HRVAC) systems reflects the growing need for environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient solutions, driving the replacement of high-climate-impact compounds with safer alternatives that comply with international regulations. The transition from CFCs and HCFCs to HFOs and natural refrigerants—such as CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons—has been accelerated by the guidelines of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which sets progressive targets for reducing HFC usage due to their high global warming potential. Objective: To analyze technological advancements, regulatory implications, and emerging trends regarding the adoption of low-environmental-impact refrigerants in the HRVAC sector, with an emphasis on the Brazilian context and regions with high thermal demand. Methodology: The study was conducted through a systematic literature review of scientific publications and technical documents from 2018 to 2025, covering fluid thermodynamic properties, safety requirements, environmental regulations, industrial innovations, and specific HRVAC system applications. Case studies, performance metrics, environmental impacts, and technological trends associated with the transition to low-GWP refrigerants were examined. Results: The analysis highlights the increasing adoption of HFOs and natural refrigerants, driven by their energy efficiency, lower climate impact, and compatibility with modern systems. In Brazil—particularly in the Northeast region—significant progress is observed in the implementation of cleaner technologies aligned with Kigali Amendment targets. Emerging trends include the use of artificial intelligence for thermal management optimization, load forecasting, and the automated selection of refrigerants suited to varying climatic conditions. Challenges persist regarding technical training, retrofit costs, equipment standardization, and the need for integrated public policies. Conclusions: The transition to refrigerants with low environmental impact represents an essential pathway toward sustainability in the HRVAC sector, fostering technological innovation and emission reductions. Consolidating this process requires investments in infrastructure, professional training, and the continuous validation of adopted solutions, ensuring practices aligned with global climate change mitigation goals.

Autores

  • Cleiton Rubens Formiga Barbosa

  • Cleiton Rubens Formiga Barbosa Júnior

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